National Limb Loss Information Center
Amputee Coalition

Driving and Vehicle Modification

July 2006

People with limb loss have particular information needs. Topic of the Month is a resource guide of information relevant to amputees. Click on the links below to access articles and Web sites directly. Many of the books and videos can be borrowed through Interlibrary Loan.

Many more resources can be found by searching our online library. Please feel free to share this resource with those who may find this useful. We also welcome your comments and topic suggestions! Contact us via e-mail at library@amputee-coalition.org.

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Books

Adolescents with Limb Loss: A Handbook for Adolescents and Their Families / Nancy Bradley ... [et al.]. Revised edition. Grand Rapids, MI: Area Child Amputee Center, 1990. This booklet is for both parents and adolescents who have acquired or congenital limb loss. There are sections on the stages of adolescence, self-image, independence, school, recreation, driving, sexuality and dating, and vocations. It also contains basic information on types of limb loss, medical care and treatment issues, prosthetics, and a resource section.

The Disabled Driver's Mobility Guide / Heathrow, FL: AAA, c2002. ISBN 1-56251-755-4. This publication was developed for disabled drivers facing the sometimes-difficult task of finding equipment and services to improve their mobility. It includes information about adaptive equipment, driver training and related services.

Smart Technology for Aging, Disability, and Independence: The State of the Science / editor, William C. Mann. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Interscience, c2005. ISBN 0-471-69694-3. This book brings together current research and technological developments from engineers, computer science, and the rehabilitation sciences, detailing how its applications can promote continuing independence for older persons and those with disabilities and includes technology for vehicle modification.

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inMotion & First Step Articles

– When available, these include links for English, Spanish, and Easy Read versions in either PDF or HTML format.

“Are You Ready for a Prosthesis? Putting Amputees Back in the Driver's Seat” / Lee Perry. Knoxville, TN: Amputee Coalition, 2001. Article from First Step: A Guide for Adapting to Limb Loss, 2001. This article discusses several different types of hand controls that can be used in vehicles.
http://www.amputee-coalition.org/first_step/firststepv2_s2a13.html

“How to Ride a Motorcycle With Parts Missing (On You, Not the Bike): Adaptive Modifications for Amputee Motorcycling” / Jeffrey Cain, M.D. Knoxville, TN: Amputee Coalition, 2006. Article from inMotion, May/ June 2006. Amputees do not have to give up their passion for motorcycling. This article discusses adaptive motorcycle modifications, for both lower- and upper-limb amputees, to get bike enthusiasts back on the road.
http://www.amputee-coalition.org/inmotion/may_jun_06/motorcycle.html

http://www.amputee-coalition.org/inmotion/may_jun_06/motorcycle.pdf

“In Search of Funding” / Bill Dupes. Knoxville, TN: Amputee Coalition, 2003. Article from First Step: A Guide for Adapting to Limb Loss, 2003. This is a listing of the types of assistance that amputees might be able to obtain for assistive technology, financial aid for their education, home, school and office modifications, adaptive driving equipment, and funding for a variety of needs.
http://www.amputee-coalition.org/first_step_2003/in-search-of-funding.html
http://www.amputee-coalition.org/first_step_2003/in-search-of-funding.pdf
http://www.amputee-coalition.org/spanish/first_step_2003/firststepv3_funding.html
http://www.amputee-coalition.org/spanish/first_step_2003/firststepv3_funding.pdf

“What's New in Mobility for People With Disabilities?” / Julie Wiest. Knoxville, TN: Amputee Coalition, 2002. Article from inMotion, March / April 2002. Mobility is important for the independence and convenience of all people, but maybe more so for those who have disabilities and require special accommodations for transportation. Many automobile companies are responding to the mobility needs of people with disabilities. This article looks at a few of these companies.
http://www.amputee-coalition.org/inmotion/mar_apr_02/mobilit.html
http://www.amputee-coalition.org/inmotion/mar_apr_02/mobilit.pdf

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Articles and Research Including PubMed ® Abstracts

“Hand Control Usage and Safety Assessment” / Walter Pilkey, John Thacker and Greg Shaw. Cambridge, MA: U.S. Department of Transportation, Volpe Transportation Systems Center, 2001. This report summarizes a series of studies designed to determine how many drivers are using hand controls and other adaptive devices, evaluate hand control reliability, and evaluate the injury potential of hand controls in a frontal crash.
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-11/handcontrol.pdf (Large File)

“Overcoming Immobility: Vehicles Can Be Modified to Keep Those With Disabilities Moving” / Kathleen Doheny. Lake Forest, CA: Apria Healthcare Essentials, LLP, 2001. This article looks at vehicle modification as a way to improve mobility for people with disabilities. A resource list is included.
http://www.apria.com/channels/0,2748,92-219,00.html

Use of Adapted Vehicles by People With Disabilities is Increasing. Sequim, WA: TransSafety, Inc., 1998. This is a brief article that contains statistical information on the use of modified vehicles by people with disabilities.
http://www.usroads.com/journals/aruj/9804/ru980402.htm

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Videos

Don't Fix Me, I'm Not Broken / Simcoe Communications. Roseville, CA: Simcoe Communications, c1990. Born without arms, Stacey McInroe Connor demonstrates her natural ability to use her feet as a "Ninety-nine and a half percent independent" person. Her independence evolved once the rehabilitation community focused on what she did have and recognized her wish not to use a prosthesis. From dressing to driving, Stacey's abilities are inspirational!

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Web Sites

Adapting Motor Vehicles for People With Disabilities. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, [200-]. This online brochure gives information on evaluating your needs, selecting the right vehicle, choosing a qualified dealer to modify your vehicle, being trained, and maintaining your vehicle. Also included is general information on cost savings, licensing requirements, and organizations to contact for help. Although the brochure focuses on drivers of modified vehicles, each section contains important information for people who drive passengers with disabilities.
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/rules/adaptive/brochure/brochure.html

Adaptive Driving for Persons With Physical Limitations. Assistive Technology Partners. Denver, CO: University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, [200-]-. This site has information related to adaptive driving for people with disabilities. Topics covered include: driver rehabilitation programs, adaptive driving aids/modifications, vehicle selection, Colorado modification vendors, and national resources for vehicle modification.
http://www.uchsc.edu/atp/library/fastfacts/adptdrv1.htm

The Association for Driver Rehabilitation Specialists. Ruston, LA: Association for Driver Rehabilitation Specialists, 2002. ADRD was established in 1977 to support professionals working in the field of driver education/driver training and transportation equipment modification for people with disabilities through education and information dissemination.
http://www.driver-ed.org

Automotive Safety Issues for Persons With Disabilities. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, [199-]-. The NHTSA is the federal government agency with the authority to regulate the manufacture of automotive adaptive equipment and modified vehicles used by people with disabilities. This site links to information regarding rules for adapting motor vehicles for people with disabilities.
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/rules/adaptive

National Mobility Equipment Dealers Association. Tampa , FL : National Mobility Equipment Dealers Association, [19--]-. NMEDA is a nonprofit trade association of mobility equipment dealers, driver rehabilitation specialists, and other professionals dedicated to broadening the opportunities for people with disabilities to drive or be transported in vehicles modified with mobility equipment. All members work together to improve transportation options of people with disabilities.
http://www.nmeda.org

Physician's Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers. American Medical Association. This guide contains information to help physicians evaluate their older patients' ability to operate a motor vehicle safely.
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/10791.html

Safety Issues for Vehicles Adapted for Use by Persons With Disabilities. Washington , DC : The Bureau of Transportation Statistics for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2002. This site provides information based on a questionnaire on the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Web site that asks users (drivers and passengers) of vehicles with adaptive equipment about the type of vehicle, the specific equipment or modifications, and user opinions about the safety of the modified vehicle.
http://www.nhtsa.gov/cars/rules/adaptive/btsrn/btsrnfinal.pdf

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Mobility Programs From Auto Makers*

In addition to the programs of the individual auto maker, most of these sites list other equipment modification and/or driver assessment resources by state.

Daimler Chrysler – Automobility
http://www.automobility.daimlerchrysler.com

Ford Mobility Motoring
http://www.mobilitymotoringprogram.com/mainpage.mob

General Motors – GM Mobility
http://www.gm.com/automotive/vehicle_shopping/gm_mobility/index.html

Lexus Mobility
http://www.lexus.com/models/warranty_vehicle_protection/mobility

Toyota Mobility
http://www.toyota.com/mobility

Volvo Mobility
Volvo offers a detailed PDF file for each state.
http://www.volvocars.us/salesandservices/MobilityProgram

* This information is provided for reference only and no endorsement is intended.

Back to Top Last updated: 03/23/2009