Free or inexpensive ways to join the internet community
For people with disabilities and mobility restrictions, the internet offers a wealth of advantages previously unobtainable. That, according to Dr. William Stilwater, Ph.D., is one of the significant reasons why he, and others specializing in the development of assistive technologies, hope to put people with physical disabilities on this rapidly expanding information superhighway at little or no cost.
"People with disabilities often have a very limited income, which does not allow for fancy computer equipment," explains Stilwater, who works for regional Internet Service Provider (ISP) Wolfenet. "We have found the quality of life goes up a lot for individuals who have any access to the internet."
Access to this technology differs drastically, however, from actual opportunity. Many public institutions such as libraries and schools have begun the process of equipping facilities with PC workstations and internet capabilities. Thanks to grants from the federal government and a variety of other sources, even small facilities often have internet access available to patrons at no cost.
"Public libraries have traditionally served as a repository of information for citizens," says Steve Standefer, director of a public library in the semi-rural community of Mansfield, Texas. "Connecting to the internet is the next logical step. In the Information Age, libraries will play increasingly important roles in that capacity."
No-cost Accessibility
If you have access to a computer and modem - whether the access be personal or public - free e-mail service is obtainable from a variety of sources.
Juno Online Services, which has about 4.6 million members, is one of the country's few providers of completely free internet e-mail. Other free e-mail providers include: Freemark, HotMail, RocketMail and USCCCN. Juno President Charles Ardai announced the launch of the Juno Advocacy Network (JAN), a new channel for communication between members of Juno and their elected representatives. JAN is designed to meet the needs of issue advocacy groups, associations and others seeking to promote communication between elected officials in Congress or in state legislatures and the citizens they represent.
"This is a powerful opportunity to use technology to create an unprecedented dialogue among all participants in public affairs," Ardai said. "Today, it's the cutting edge of participatory democracy."
Other free internet sources that require access to a computer and modem include Smart World Communications, which offers NetRacer software ($69.95 retail price plus $19.95 one-time registration fee) and freewwweb software ($99.95 retail price plus $19.95 one-time registration fee). Freeppp.Com offers free software downloads from the internet but requires all users to pay the long distance rates if they apply (call 1-415-536-6177 for additional information).
Although finding free public internet access may still be sparse, the good news is that technology is spreading throughout the country. In each state, at least a few universities, schools and libraries have the capabilities. Many more are in development or near completion, with others still in line for implementation. Rules and contracts for using these public computer stations tend to vary slightly but contain the same basic requirements.
In some school districts, educators allow students and their parents limited access via the school connection. Some issue passcodes and prohibit use of any software other that those provided through the specific agency. Some also require purchase of "clean" or new disks for storing found information that must be purchased from the institution. Universities have similar policies for public use of the internet. They may require a student ID and/or student code.
Public libraries follow more guidelines such as limiting individual use of the equipment to 30 minute or one-hour increments. In some states, including Connecticut and New York, many communities offer similar opportunities in other public facilities.
Complete internet access, however, may not be possible on those workstations but community-specific sites, information and attractions are accessible. It is advisable to contact institutions directly for specific questions and policies regarding public access to the internet.
Low-cost accessibility
While free public access to the information superhighway is limited, the continuing advancements in PC technology are reducing prices of older - yet still useable - computers. For less than $1,000, one can purchase a PC capable of connecting to the internet, Bob Bryant of Aquarian Resources in Tyler, TX., explained.
"Used equipment that will work with the net using Windows 3.11 can sell as low as $500, but there are obvious drawbacks with older equipment," Bryant said. Older model PCs will undoubtedly function more slowly and lack the clear, crisp graphics newer computers would provide. For people with limited mobility, however, having any access to the internet from their homes offers a new freedom, experts like Dr. Stilwater suggest.
Circulating in CyberSpace
From personal testimonies of health care professionals, Stilwater has heard the significant changes that many clients experience after PCs with internet access were made available to them. "Many attendants tell us that they formally had a hard time getting the clients up (each day)," he said. "Now, they can't get them to go to bed. They may be home bound but with the internet they can talk via e-mail, internet relay chat, or newsgroups. This gives them the chance to communicate with others around the world."Webmaster Mike Paciello agrees. Barring special devices that might be necessary to operate a PC, purchasing a home system can be a valuable option that grows more affordable at this particular time.
"Depending on the disability, your computer and internet access needs are the same as most people - a Pentium PC, (though a 486 model will certainly work) that includes a web browser, dialup software, e-mail, and a subscription to an internet service provider," Paciello explained. "You could put together a NEW computer for $750 to $1,200. An internet subscription will cost you anywhere from $10 to $30 per month, depending on usage."
Bargains in the Classifieds
In major newspaper classified ads a 486 DX 33 computer can be found for as low as $200. Like-new laptop notebooks with warranties may sell between $450 to $650. Computer discount warehouses can help customers assemble home computers at similar rates. For best results, customers may want to contact the local Chamber of Commerce or speak with others who have used a particular store before making any purchases. Although computer prices have dropped - and are expected to become more affordable, PCs will still cost much more at retail or wholesale chains. These stores tend not to carry older, more affordable, computer equipment that can be found at smaller independent stores specializing in "buy, sell and trade."
Another source for computer purchases may be done through computer magazine ads. Computer America, which provides an 800 number, advertises through publications like PCWeek, PCZone and Mobile Computing. Prices are lower than many retail stores plus they guarantee they will beat any competitor's advertised prices. Computer Surplus Outlet (CSO) also buys and sells most varieties of PCs and equipment. They also provide a toll-free number for customers as well as competitive pricing.
A spokesperson for AT&T Worldnet Services, a national Internet Service Provider (ISP), offered this advice for PC system requirements. A 486 Windows PC or higher that has a minimum of 36 MB of available hard disk space and 8 MB of RAM will provide adequate internet access. Mac systems typically require Apple Open Transport 1.1+ with a minimum of 18 MB of available hard disk and 8 MB of RAM.
Choosing an ISP (Internet Sevice Provider)
National Providers
Once you have a computer with a modem, you must then get an internet service provider. The ISP actually hooks up your computer, by way of a local phone call, to the internet itself.
In addition to the cost of PC equipment and software, potential customers will want to consider the options when arranging for an ISP. Major national ISP companies and numerous regional providers offer internet connection throughout the country. From the most recent comparisons of national ISPs, average monthly service cost is $19.95. The most popular national ISPs include: Sprint, Microsoft, MCI, IBM, Earthlink, Compuserve, AT&T, and America Online. These companies tend to offer the same basic features - news up-dates, e-mail service, chat rooms, internet access, technical support - but may vary in delivery methods and quality of service. Reports from these providers disclose that AOL boasts 10 million subscribers; Compuserve reports subscriptions at 2.9 million; Sprint and Earthlink serve a smaller client list with both ISPs reporting 400,000 or fewer subscriptions in 1997.
Other providers like MindSpring, which offers internet service in more than 320 locations nationally, are taking note of the power that the information superhighway has for people with disabilities. Although the company's first move has been to accommodate hearing impaired customers, MindSpring Call Center Vice President Greg Stromberg said implementing telecommunications equipment for the deaf (TDD) is a major advancement toward accommodating all people with physical challenges. "We felt it was important to step up the level of service we provide to our TDD-active members," Stromberg explained. "MindSpring's hearing-impaired members have traditionally used regional relay operator service to contact us. We realized providing a direct line of communication for our hearing-impaired customers would serve us all better."
Since establishing itself as a major national ISP, MindSpring has earned the reputation as one of the best in the business. Magazines including Computer World, Smart Money and NetGuide each have praised MindSpring for its quality customer service, innovative measures, specifically the addition of TDD assistance, and client technical support.
Many ISPs offer trial subscriptions. Do make sure the terms and conditions of these free trials are understood or subsequent billing might occur. Other questions to ask an ISP provider before making a selection include:
- What is the price per month versus the price per year?
- What kind of software is needed?
- Is there a sign-up fee or software activation fee?
- How does the ISP provide technical support?
Answers to these questions will vary.
Regional providers
Regional providers like Wolfenet, which provides dial-up service to Seattle, Tacoma and Spokane areas, have even fewer clients. Some regional providers can be as low as $7.66 per month if prepaid annually. Other small ISPs are designed specifically for an interest group. Integrity Online, now operating in several metroplex areas across the country, promotes itself by restricting the viewing of materials deemed "offensive."
The TV Connection
Still another option - young in its development - is the WebTV connection. The internet appliance connects a person to the information superhighway with nothing more than a phone line, television, and a WebTV system. Philips Magnavox and Sony sell this device for $300 to $500.
"How fast are computers changing?" journalist Jerry Beigel quizzed. "So fast that you don't even need one now . . . at least you don't if all you want is to access the internet."
According to a Magnavox spokesman, the WebTV Internet Unit comes with everything necessary to install the device. The system also features line sharing. This means that if a person has call-waiting service, line share automatically suspends the WebTV connection, allowing the phone to ring, then reestablishes the internet connection when the call is finished. This system supports e-mail. Reese & Associates, a California-based WebTV distributor, sells both the Classic WebTV system (retail price $99) and the WebTV Plus (retail price $195). Both systems come with remote controls. An optional wireless keyboard for the Classic can be purchased separately (retail price $64.95). Although the answering service is long distance outside the San Francisco area, the voice/fax number is toll-free.
"That's quite a saving over today's newest, fastest computers," Beigel explained.
Getting financial assistance
Many civic organizations are willing to help individuals with purchases that improve the quality of their lives. Groups like the Lions Clubs, Kiwanis Clubs and Rotary Clubs should be contacted locally for specific requests. Business organizations like local Chambers of Commerce may also be willing to help sponsor technological purchases for qualifying members of those respective communities.
Dan Gilman, computer access specialist for Vermont's Assistive Technology Project, said he and a growing number of technology professionals are committed to promoting the advantages of PCs and the internet for people with disabilities. For the past five years he has concentrated specifically on those kinds of assistive developments. State agencies, therefore, are becoming a major resource for placing this equipment in the hands of people with disabilities. Gilman said he expects to see funding for these programs continue to increase. Not only are civic and business organizations exploring the favorable benefits of the internet, many religious institutions are joining the technological movement.
The internet offers a source of contact that truly frees a person from their disability, Stilwater explained. "The wonderful thing (about the internet) is that the person on the other end of the message doesn't know that they (the senders) are disabled. They only know this if they are told."
Jim Breene of Breene Disability Consulting suggests reviewing the following websites:
1. National Council on Disability - www.ncd.gov/
(1331 F. St., NW Suite 1050, Washington, D.C., 20004; telephone - 202/272-2004);
2. National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research - www.ed.gov/offices/OSERS/NIDRR
(KRA Corporation, 8455 Colesville Road, Suite 935, Silver Spring, MD 20910-3319; telephone 800/346-2742);
3. Disability Resources from Evan Kemp Associates http://disability.com (Note: New URL is www.eka.com)
(9151 Hampton Overlook, Capital Heights, MD 20743; telephone - 301/324-0118);
4. Alliance for Technology Access - www.ataccess.org
( E-mail: tainfo@ataccess.org ) 2175 East Francisco Blvd., Suite L, San Rafael, CA., 94901; telephone - 415.455.4575);
5. Equal Access to Software and Information - www.rit.edu/~easi
(c/o American Association for Higher Education, One Dupont Circle, Suite 360, Washington, D.C., 20036-1110, telephone - 202/293-6440 extension 48).
For help with computer acquisitions and/or internet access information.
The U.S. Department of Education - 600 Independence Ave. SW, Washington, D.C., 20202-0498.
Telephone: 1-800-USA-LEARN.
About the Author
Anna Barrett is a newspaper journalist living in Fort Worth, Texas.
